Moving machinery can cause injuries in many ways:
- People can be struck and injured by moving parts of machinery or ejected material. Parts of the body can also be drawn in or trapped between rollers, belts and pulley drives.
- Sharp edges can cause cuts and severing injuries, sharp-pointed parts can cause stabbing or puncture the skin, and rough surface parts can cause friction or abrasion.
- People can be crushed, both between parts moving together or towards a fixed part of the machine, wall or other object, and two parts moving past one another can cause shearing.
- Parts of the machine, materials and emissions (such as steam or water) can be hot or cold enough to cause burns or scalds and electricity can cause electrical shock and burns.
- Injuries can also occur due to machinery becoming unreliable and developing faults or when machines are used improperly through inexperience or lack of training.
Unfortunately, injuries with machines do happen, and they can be easily prevented if the correct measures are in place.
A company has been sentenced after a worker was seriously injured when his hand came into contact with a rotating bandsaw blade.
The Magistrates court heard how on 18 April 2019, the employee was working on a multi-head bandsaw machine at a sawmill, when the pipes supplying cooling fluid to one of the six band-saw blades became blocked.
The machine had already been stopped several times that morning to replace damaged blades. An engineer was called to fix the issue and the employee assumed the problem had been rectified.
Rather than stopping the machine a further time, the employee pulled apart the base of the cabinet, creating a gap large enough to place his hand inside. Holding a torch to see what was causing the blockage, the employee put his hand inside the gap.
There was no interlock or sensor to this part of the housing to stop the machine, and the sensor to the top of the housing failed to activate, so the machine continued.
The rotating blade caught the back of the employee’s right hand severing the tendons. He has undergone several operations since the incident and is still unable to bend his fingers and cannot grip, write or hold objects. He is awaiting further surgery.
A HSE investigation found there were insufficient measures in place to stop the blade rotating when the cabinet housing was opened. Measures to prevent access to the dangerous rotating blade, such as fixed and interlocked guarding, had not been taken so far as was practicable. This meant the cabinet housing could be opened with the blade still turning and ultimately led to an employee sustaining a significant injury.
The company pleaded guilty to breaching Section 2 (1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. They were fined £60,000 and ordered to pays costs of £20,000.
Speaking after the hearing the HSE inspector said: “The risk of serious injury to employees operating this machine had existed for some considerable time.
“This injury could have been easily prevented, if the risk had been identified.
“Employers should make sure they properly assess and apply effective control measures to minimise the risk from dangerous parts of machinery.”
So what do I need to do:
Before you start
Before you start using any machine you need to think about what risks may occur and how these can be managed. You should therefore do the following:
- Check that the machine is complete, with all safeguards fitted, and free from defects. The term ‘safeguarding’ includes guards, interlocks, two-hand controls, light guards, pressure-sensitive mats etc. By law, the supplier must provide the right safeguards and inform buyers of any risks (‘residual risks’) that users need to be aware of and manage because they could not be designed out.
- Produce a safe system of work for using and maintaining the machine. Maintenance may require the inspection of critical features where deterioration would cause a risk. Also look at the residual risks identified by the manufacturer in the information/ instructions provided with the machine and make sure they are included in the safe system of work.
- Ensure every static machine has been installed properly and is stable. (usually fixed down)
- Choose the right machine for the job and do not put machines where customers or visitors may be exposed to risk.
- Note that new machines should be CE marked and supplied with a Declaration of Conformity and instructions in English.
Make sure the machine is:
- Safe for any work that has to be done when setting up, during normal use, when clearing blockages, when carrying out repairs for breakdowns, and during planned maintenance.
- Properly switched off, isolated or locked-off before taking any action to remove blockages, clean or adjust the machine.
Also, make sure you identify and deal with the risks from:
- Electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power supplies.
- Badly designed safeguards. These may be inconvenient to use or easily overridden, which could encourage your workers to risk injury and break the law. If they are, find out why they are doing it and take appropriate action to deal with the reasons/causes.
Preventing access to dangerous parts
Think about how you can make a machine safe. The measures you use to prevent access to dangerous parts should be in the following order. In some cases it may be necessary to use a combination of these measures:
- Use fixed guards (e.g. secured with screws or nuts and bolts) to enclose the dangerous parts, whenever practical. Use the best material for these guards – plastic may be easy to see through but may easily be damaged. Where you use wire mesh or similar materials, make sure the holes are not large enough to allow access to moving parts.
- If fixed guards are not practical, use other methods, e.g. interlock the guard so that the machine cannot start before the guard is closed and cannot be opened while the machine is still moving. In some cases, trip systems such as photoelectric devices, pressure-sensitive mats or automatic guards may be used if other guards are not practical.
- Where guards cannot give full protection, use jigs, holders, push sticks etc if it is practical to do so.
- Control any remaining risk by providing the operator with the necessary information, instruction, training, supervision, and appropriate safety equipment.
Other things you should consider.
- If machines are controlled by programmable electronic systems, changes to any programmes should be carried out by a competent person (someone who has the necessary skills, knowledge and experience to carry out the work safely). Keep a record of such changes and check they have been made properly.
- Ensure control switches are clearly marked to show what they do.
- Have emergency stop controls where necessary, e.g. mushroom-head push buttons within easy reach.
- Make sure operating controls are designed and placed to avoid accidental operation and injury, use two-hand controls where necessary and shroud start buttons and pedals.
- Do not let unauthorised, unqualified or untrained people use machinery – never allow children to operate or help at machines. Some workers, e.g. new starters, young people or those with disabilities, may be particularly at risk and need instruction, training and supervision.
- Adequate training should ensure that those who use the machine are competent to use it safely. This includes ensuring they have the correct skills, knowledge and experience – sometimes formal qualifications are needed, e.g. for chainsaw operators.
- Supervisors must also be properly trained and competent to be effective. They may need extra specific training and there are recognised courses for supervisors.
- Ensure the work area around the machine is kept clean and tidy, free from obstructions or slips and trips hazards, and well lit.
Information provided by:
https://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/machinery/safety.htm
https://press.hse.gov.uk/2021/01/11/sawmill-firm-sentenced-after-serious-hand-injury/